Cigarettes are being burned to produce more than 4000 chemicals, many of which are toxic and about 40 cause cancer. These compounds remain in the air as tobacco smoke is inhaled by others in the region.
Of the many such chemicals there are 3 types of toxic chemicals in the most deadly in cigarette smoke. Such materials are tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. Tar can irritate the lungs and cause cancer. Nicotine is a toxin that causes addiction. Substances that can be joined with other toxic substances can cause constriction of blood vessels. While carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas that prevents the entry of oxygen into the body.
In addition, other chemicals that are very harmful in cigarettes include:
1. Ammonia: Used to increase the level of nicotine absorption. This chemical is a substance used to clean toilets
2. Arsenic: Used as a pesticide plant tobacco. These chemicals are kept attached to the tobacco which has become a cigarette. Arsenic is also used to kill rats.
3. Cadmium: Mixed metals found in tobacco. If batereimu weak, use a cadmium for me recharge it.
4. Formaldehyde: There is the cigarette smoke. Colorless gas is usually used to preserve dead bodies.
5. Acetone: Produced from the burning cigarette. Used to clean the toilet too.
6. Butane: Produced from a match.
7. Propylene Glycol: Used in cigarettes to keep it dry. Can increase the speed of delivery of nicotine to destroy the brain.
8. Turpentine: Used on menthol cigarettes. Used also to paint and varnish the wood.
9. Benzene: Produced from burning cigarettes. It could also be found in pesticides and gasoline
10. Tin and Nickel: Yes, this is metal. Need further explanation?
11. > 3987 other chemicals.
Monday, November 22, 2010
Chemical Substances In Cigarettes
The content of Chemicals In Tattoo Inks
Tattoo ink is a dye that contains pigment. That's the shortest answer. But the type of dye and the main content we can not answer exactly one hundred percent because the company which manufactures inks and pigments are not enjoined and required to decompose it into the general public about the content of the ink products they produce, because the ink is not to consumption or medicine for humans .
Some tattoo inks are not technically an ink in general. Tattoo ink pigments are suspended in a special fluid (carrier solution). While the pigment itself is not all derived from plants, but also partly made of metal in the form of salts, and certain polymers. These pigments which will determine the color of the tattoo. The purpose of the solution pensuspensi or (carrier solution) than as a solvent pigment is also aimed as a pigment dissolved pendesinfektan on, leveling mixing, and ensure ease of application of their role.
Because the content of the ink in the form of tattoo ink pigment synthesis is doubtful safety in its use. Also of concern is important is the process of injecting the ink into the skin in doubt kehigenisannya. Therefore it is important to know the content of either type of tattoo ink pigment contained and the amount and type of solution pensuspensi, by looking at some of his data in the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet). However, not all of the MSDS will identify all the chemical reactions or risks that occur due to the interaction between skin and ink. But the MSDS will provide basic information about each component of the ink, and things to realize is the synthesis of pigments and inks are not recommended by the association of drugs and food in the world.
Chemical Characteristics of Pigments
Formerly pigment derived only from the upper mineral soil, black carbon, and synthesis of vegetation, but now has a lot of pigment synthesis industry are not only derived from plants, but also from the synthesis of polymers and metals in the form of salts. So it can be sure will give a very clear impact if used in humans, ranging from mild allergies, skin diseases, as well as phototoxic reactions (ie reactions that occur because of the light, especially sunlight. Where is the pigment reacts with the light and lead poisoning or damage on the skin and cells). pigment that reacts with the light usually turns into a shiny black and pigment types like this are usually very dangerous, although there are some who may be fairly safe, but more are to be radioactive and toxic.
Microscope and Its Components
The components of microscope consists of:
1. Ocular lens
Part close to the eye of the observer while observing the object. Ocular lens mounted on a tube of a microscope. Magnification of the ocular lens, there are three kinds, namely 5x, 10x, and 12.5 x.
2. Microscope tube
Is a link eyepiece and objective lens. Tube mounted on the serrated grip attached to the upper microscope. Through the jagged, tabugn can be moved up and down.
3. Makrometer (coarse steering screws)
Is a component for moving the microscope tube to the top dank e down with a big shift.
4. Micrometers (fine steering screws)
Is a component to move the tube up and down with a subtle shift.
5. Revolver
It is the player to place the lens objective lens desired.
6. Objective lens
Is a component that directly relate to the object or specimen. Objective lens mounted on the bottom of the revolver.
Magnification of the objective lens varies, depending on the number of the microscope objective lens. For example, there is a magnification of 10x and 40x objective lens (a microscope with two objective lenses); 4x, 10x, and 40x (microscope with three objective lenses), and 4x, 10x, 45x, and 400x (with a four-lens microscope objective).
7. Microscope stage
Preparations is a desk or place where stocks obek / specimen.
At the center of the microscope stage there is a hole for entrance of light into the eye of the observer.
The stage used to put the object or specimen preparation. On stage there are two clamps to clamp the object glass. In some other microscopes, the stage can be moved up and down.
8. Diaphragm
Is a component to adjust more or less light coming in through the hole on the microscope stage. The diaphragm is mounted on the bottom of the microscope stage.
9. Condenser
It is a tool to focus the light on an object or specimen. This tool is found under the stage.
10. Arm microscope
Is the part that can be held when lifting or shifting microscope microscope.
11. Mirror reflector
Used to catch the light coming in through the hole on the microscope stage, ie, varying by location. This mirror has a flat surface and concave surface. Flat surface is used if the source is fairly bright light and concave surfaces used if the light is less bright.
12. Leg microscope
Is the resting place of the microscope. Most microscope foot shaped like a horseshoe.
Dancing Raising
Carbon dioxide gas dissolved in soft drinks gives them their fizz. You can use the carbon dioxide fizz from a soft drink to make raisins dance.
For this experiment you will need:
* a can of colorless soda (e.g., 7-Up or Sprite)
* a tall, clear glass or plastic cup
* several raisins (fresh raisins work the best)
Pour the can of soda into the tall glass. Notice the bubbles coming up from the bottom of the glass. The bubbles are carbon dioxide gas released from the liquid.
Drop 6 or 7 raisins into the glass. Watch the raisins for a few seconds. Describe what is happening to the raisins. Do they sink or float? Keep watching; what happens in the next several minutes?
Raisins are denser than the liquid in the soda, so initially they sink to the bottom of the glass. The carbonated soft drink releases carbon dioxide bubbles. When these bubbles stick to the rough surface of a raisin, the raisin is lifted because of the increase in buoyancy. When the raisin reaches the surface, the bubbles pop, and the carbon dioxide gas escapes into the air. This causes the raisin to lose buoyancy and sink. This rising and sinking of the raisins continues until most of the carbon dioxide has escaped, and the soda goes flat. Furthermore, with time the raisin gets soggy and becomes too heavy to rise to the surface.
You might want to try other objects to see if they exhibit this behavior. Any object whose density is just slightly greater than water’s and has a rough surface to which the gas bubbles can attach should be able to dance in the carbonated water. Some of the more common dancing substances are mothballs and pieces of uncooked pasta. Try putting other objects in the carbonated water. Can you find other substances that dance?
Carbonated beverages are prepared by putting the beverage into a can under high pressure of carbon dioxide gas. This high pressure causes the carbon dioxide gas to dissolve in the liquid. When you open a can of soda, the noise you hear is produced by the carbon dioxide gas as it rushes out of the can. When the can is opened, the decreased pressure allows some of the carbon dioxide gas dissolved in the liquid to escape. This is what makes the bubbles in a soft drink.
Another way to do this experiment is to generate the carbon dioxide gas using the reaction of baking soda and vinegar. Fill your glass about 1/2 full with water. Add one teaspoon of baking soda and stir until it is dissolved in the water. Add 6 or 7 raisins to the glass. SLOWLY pour in vinegar until the glass is about 3/4 full. The vinegar and baking soda react to form carbon dioxide bubbles, and the raisins will dance just as in the soft drink!
MBA National University of Singapore Scholarship
The new NUS PhD-MBA (www.phd-mba.nus.edu), Asia’s first PhD-MBA, aims to attract and train talented science and engineering students who have the potential to create and lead technology companies. The programme is jointly hosted by the NUS Graduate School for.
Integrative Sciences and Engineering (www.nus.edu.sg/ngs/) and the NUS Business School (www.bschool.nus.edu.sg). Students develop their research skills by doing a PhD in any scientific or engineering discipline, choosing among a wide range of subjects, projects, departments and advisers. Concurrently they develop their business acumen by working on an MBA. Internships in technology companies provide practical technology business training.
NUS is a well ranked global University and is located in Singapore, in the heart of Asia. Singapore has long been an excellent place in which to do business and has in the last decade invested heavily in research and development, building up a world class research infrastructure. Singapore offers access to some of the world’s largest and fastest growing markets. A keen, open and independent mind, common sense, appreciation for the importance of science, technology and business, the ability to act and get things done alone and in a team are hallmarks of students suitable for the NUS PhD-MBA. Valuing the wide range of backgrounds of potential students, factors that the recruitment committee will weigh when making decisions on admissions into the NUS PhD-MBA are: very good academic records, good results in standardized tests, research experience, industry experience, completed internships, involvement in startups and other business and entrepreneurial experience, as well as good English.
Terms:
* Concurrent PhD and MBA degrees in a short period of time
* Choice of any subject for the PhD, from the life and physical sciences to engineering and IT
* Generous monthly stipend
* Full scholarship covering tuition fees for the PhD
* Full MBA tuition fee waiver
* No bond
Who Should Apply
A keen, open and independent mind, common sense, appreciation for the importance of science, technology and business, the ability to act and get things done alone and in a team are hallmarks of students suitable for the NUS PhD-MBA. Valuing the wide range of backgrounds of potential students, factors that the recruitment committee will weigh when making decisions on admissions into the NUS PhD-MBA are: very good academic records, good results in standardized tests, research experience, industry experience, completed internships, involvement in startups and other business and entrepreneurial experience, as well as good English.
Women and men of all nationalities, with an undergraduate or Masters degree in any scientific, engineering, maths or IT discipline, previously awarded or expected in 2011, are eligible to apply.
Application Process
Applications for the August 2011 intake are currently open. The application website will be available soon, please check NUS Singapore website regularly. We require the GRE (Institution code: 0677, Department code: 000), if the native language or the language used in undergraduate instruction is not English then either the TOEFL (Institution code: 3720, Department code: 000) or the IELTS (Institution code: 0677) and the GMAT (Institution code: DRT-MK-35). The GMAT may be taken later in the application process. Applicants will also be asked to write a number of essays on business and entrepreneurship related topics.
Equiries can be sent to this email address daniel@nus.edu.sg, please put “NUS PhD-MBA enquiry” in the subject line. A one page CV and a one page cover letter, bound together in one pdf document entitled “NUS-PhD-MBA-2011-enquiry-lastname-firstname.pdf” may be sent along with the enquiry.
UK Scotland SUPA Prize Studentships 2011
The SUPA Prize Studentships are prestigious and competitive awards intended to attract outstanding physics students from around the world, irrespective of nationality, to study for a PhD in Scotland. You will be asked to state your first choice of SUPA university and preferred SUPA Theme. You are strongly advised to make contact with prospective supervisors and research groups before applying.
The SUPA Themes are:
* Astronomy and Space Physics
* Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
* Energy
* Particle Physics
* Photonics
* Physics and Life Sciences
* Nuclear and Plasma Physics
The SUPA universities are:
* Aberdeen
* Dundee
* Edinburgh
* Glasgow
* Heriot-Watt
* St. Andrews
* Strathclyde
* University of the West of Scotland
An excellent training will be provided by the SUPA Graduate School, giving candidates access to a wide range of courses across Scotland.
Applications should be made using the online application form. Instructions for completing the form are given in our Application Guide.
Successful applicants will be notified within three months of the closing date. Due to the number of applications received we are unable to notify unsuccessful candidates. If you have not heard from SUPA with three months of the closing date you may assume that your application has been unsuccessful.
The SUPA Prize Studentship competition for 2011/12 is now open. Untuk pelajar Indonesia yang berminat kepada beasiswa luar negeri ini – SUPA Prize Studentships di Inggris UK ini, dapat mendaftarkan diri web resminya. Tenggat pengiriman referensinya adalah 31 Januari 2011, sedangkan pengiriman aplikasi beasiswa ke Inggris SUPA Prize Studentships adalah 25 Januari 2011.
Vacancy (Chevron)
Chevron, Headquartered in San Ramon, California USA and conducting business in 180 countries. Chevron is engaged in every aspect of the oil and natural gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, marketing and transportation, chemicals manufacturing and sales, and power generation.
In Indonesia, Chevron is working in partnership with BPMIGAS (Executive Agency for Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities) for its exploration & production business and Pertamina for the geothermal and power business and has long been recognized as significant oil and gas producer and geothermal and power provider
Why work with Chevron?
* Global Scope of operations promotes global careers
* Competitive total remuneration program : pay, bonus program and flexible benefits
* 125 years of history yet strong future growth
* State of the art technology
* World class experts
* Large queque of exciting projects
* Reputation for solid busines results
* Strong ethics
* Diversity is a core value
To sustain profitable growth and build the organizational capability, Chevron in Indonesia is now searching for experienced Indonesian nationals who posses relevant educational background, technical, and behavior competencies to join the company in the following opportunities :
Operator (OPS-FG/HCT-DMI) Dumai - Riau (Permanent)
Loading Master : Key person to execute crude oil lifting operations to tankers for assuring the operations performed safely and in timely manner and comply with GOI regulations and existing standard.
Responsibilities :
* Directly operate crude oil lifting to tankers started from coordination berthing & unberthing, pre-loading check list before execution, loading arm tie in to tankers manifold for assuring safely and in timely manners.
* Assuring Oil Wharve facility assigned as safe facility to serve tankers for crude oil lifting.
* Supporting as operation personnel in implementation of standard marine operation requirement such as Crude Oil Custody Transfer process, SOLAS, MARPOLEK, etc.
Qualification :
* Minimum 2 years experiences in marine operations, and Crude Oil lifting Operations, as Ship Officers on Tanker Ship /Loading master will be advantage and will be considered as advantage.
* Graduated at least D3 from related with maritime/marine operation academic background such as Marine Academy or Marine Polytechnic majoring in Nautical /Technical Marine.
* Team player and relationship builder for personal results, personal and unit’s benefit.
* Have good English and strong communications skills – both written and spoken.
* Proactive and effective hard-work behavior in taking initiative to prevent and resolve issues.
* Fully commit and comply with health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations.
* Demonstrating integrity, diversity awareness and open-mind behaviors.
* Computer literacy (Ms-Office applications).
Operations Assurance Representative (OPS-EXP/SLO-DRI) Riau (Permanent)
Operations Assurance Representative for Experienced Professional.
Qualification :
* Minimal S1 degree (S2/Master degree will be an advantage)
* Technical Proficiency related to education background and current/previous experiences:
1. Fluent with PFD, P&ID, and process control.
2. Capable in materials and energy balances calculation.
3. Familiar with process equipment design (piping, pump, vessel, tank, heat exchangers, etc.).
4. Experienced and fluent with process simulation and tools (Hysys and Pipephase).
5. Familiar with the engineering design related ASME, API, and ANSI codes and standards.
6. Has experience and understand in project management.
* Team player and relationship builder for personal results, personal and unit’s benefit
* Strong communications skills – orally and writing including presentation skills
* Computer literacy (Office applications)
* Proactive in taking initiative to prevent and resolve issues
* Good understanding of health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations
* At least 4 years experience in Oil and Gas Industry
Technician Mechanical (OPS-EXP/SLO-DRI)
Technician Mechanical for Experienced Professional.
Qualification :
* Min. D3 Mechanical Engineering, Energy Conversion, Metalurgy, GPA min 2,75
* Minimum 5 years in mechanical technician of oil and gas company
* Technical Proficiency related to education background and current / previous experiences:
1. Able to comprehend P&ID.
2. Familiar with safe work requirements in facilities related to flammable substance.
3. Familiar with and skillful in required work process, procedures and safety precautions of centrifugal pump and centrifugal pumps maintenance and repair
4. Familiar with parts and components of centrifugal and PD pumps, and skillful in spare part / material planning and management
5. Familiar with ANSI requirements of piping system connected to pumps
* Team player and relationship builder for personal results, personal and unit’s benefit
* Have good English and strong communications skills – both written and spoken
* Computer literacy (Ms-Office applications)
* Proactive and effective hard-work behavior in taking initiative to prevent and resolve issues
* Fully commit and comply with health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations
* Demonstrating integrity, diversity awareness and open-mind behaviors
For more information and how to apply, Please directly go into our website at : Lowongan Chevron not more than 21 November 2010.
MTS-Consulting Pte Ltd (Search / Recruitment Firm)
Company Profile
Our Client is one of the largest privately-owned petrochemical projects in Singapore. A 2 over billion dollar Investment that will provide energy and petrochemical hub expansion plan in Singapore. With the rapid expansion of the company, they are now seeking a highly qualified Project Director to be part of their dynamic team in Singapore.
Project Director - Chemical Plant
(Singapore)
Responsibilities:
* Ensure that the construction project is executed on time and in accordance with the cost projections as per the bases and assumptions of the project’s financial model
* Managed alliance agreement with EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) contractors
* Reviews and ensure high-level deliverables across the project
* Ensures progress reviews and quality assurance procedures take place during project implementation
* Ensures project is well informed, at all times, of changes and events within our company
* Effectively communicates relevant project information to the management team
* Reinforces a team approach to project execution and handles difficult personnel situations directly, using appropriate discretion, HR advice, and respect for the staff
* Understands the implications of different technical choices and guide our project team to the best solution
* Ensures project delivers effective solutions
* Reviews management evaluations for consistency
* Reviews status reports of Project Managers and Senior Managers and addresses issues as appropriate
* Lends expertise to internal teams and task forces
* Enforces standard policies and procedures
Requirements:
* Minimum Bachelor Degree in Engineering and 10 years of experience in petroleum & gas project management preferably in Singapore or China
* In-depth working knowledge of complex engineering packages and the interface between Engineering Design, Construction and Commissioning
* Have a broad knowledge of oil and gas full field facilities
* Good communication, interpersonal and self-initiating skills
Dead sea salt is magic
Salt in the Dead Sea, which lies on the border of Jordan and Israel have known a lot of efficacy. Dead Sea mud is believed to contain many substances that can be used for beauty and treatment of some skin diseases.
The Dead Sea has a high salt content so that it can make people do not drown and remain afloat. Some mineral content in sea mud dead as reported by the healthy-skin-guide,Dead sea salt is magic are:
1. Sodium that can increase the permeability of which is suitable for dry skin.
2. Magnesium is found in the sea off concentration 15 times higher compared to other marine, magnesium also helps the healing of skin and tissue provides skin surface with anti-allergy and it is important for cell metabolism.
3. Potassium can increase the oxidation and regulates the process of electrical muscle and nerve system and helps regulate moisture in the skin.
4. Bromide - the concentration of bromide is 50 times higher than ordinary salt. This causes the effect is very relaxing, and help naturally repair skin cells.
5. Bitumen is found in small amounts and can act as an anti-inflammatory substances.
6. Iodine is an important role in the formation of the hormone thyroxine, and also important for energy and cell metabolism.
7. Calcium is important as a defense of cell membranes and cleansing the pores, which are required also to repair tissue under the skin.
8. Zink who played a role in the regulation of the enzyme.
Numerous studies have proved that the mud and salt contained in the dead sea has benefits for treating some diseases such as psoriasis because it can improve conditions and reduce kekambuhannya.
Helps dry skin by replacing lost electrolytes, can treat many dermatological problems such as eczema, acne, arthritis, joint pain, and circulation and nerve problems. In addition, Dead Sea salt can also act as a disinfectant that can remove harmful substances from the skin.
The content of Dead Sea salt is the best way to keep moisture and mineral skin and this is a natural defense against skin aging, and wrinkles on the skin.
There is no harm to try the wonders of Dead Sea salt and mud of this. No need to bother to go to Israel or Jordan for mendapatkanya because now there are some beauty products that sell salt and Dead Sea mud.(www.2lisan.com).